***Voice Change***
Voice (বাচ্য): VOICE হল Verb এর গঠন যার দ্বারা Subject নিজে কিছু করে বা অন্যর কাজ তার উপর এসে পড়ে তা বুঝায় । যেমন - I do the work - আমি কাজ করি।
Active Voice:
যে sentence এ subject নিজে সক্রিয় বা active হয়ে কাজ সম্পন্ন করে সে sentence এ verb এর Active
voice হয়।
Structure: Subject +
verb + object.
Example: I do the
work.
Passive Voice:
যে sentence এ subject নিজে কাজটি করে না বরং object এর কাজটি তার ওপর এসে পড়ে তখন সে sentence এ verb এর passive
voice হয়।
Structure: Object + be
verb + verb এর past participle+ by+ subject.
Example: The work is
done by me.
Active Voice কে Passive Voice
এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
Rule 1: a) Active
voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়ে যায়।
b) Active
voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject এ রুপান্তর হয়।
c) মূল verb এর past
participle হয় এবং subject ও tense অনুসারে auxiliary verb/ be verb হয়।
Rule 2:
★ Indefinite tense:
a) Present indefinite – am, is, are.
b) Past indefinite – was, were.
c) Future indefinite – shall be, will be.
★ Continuous tense:
a) Present Continuous- am being, is being,
are being.
b) Past continuous- was being, were being
c) Future
Continuous - shall be being, will be being.
★ Perfect
tense:
অথবা
Rule-1: Present
form/ v + s, es = am, is, are + vpp
do/ does =
am, is, are + vpp
Rule-2: Past form/ did=
was/were + vpp
Rule-3: Be verb= be verv
+ being + vpp
Rule-4: Have verb=
have verb + being + vpp
Rule-5: Modal= modal
+ be + vpp
Rules of Changing Voice:
Rule 3:
a) Present
indefinite tense যুক্ত active
voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: Object এর subject +
am/is/are + v3+ by + subject এর object.
Active – I play football.
Passive- Football is played by me.
Active- They eat rice.
Passive- Rice is eaten by them.
b) Present
continuous tense যুক্ত active
voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: Object এর subject +
am being/is being/are being + v3+ by + subject এর object.
Active: I am playing football.
Passive: football is being played by
me.
Active: He is eating rice.
Passive: Rice is being eaten by him.
c) Present
perfect tense যুক্ত active
voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: Object এর subject +
have been/ has been + v3+ by + subject এর object.
Active: He has eaten rice.
Passive: Rice has been eaten by him.
Active: I have played football.
Passive: Football has been played by
me.
d) Past
indefinite tense যুক্ত active
voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: Object এর subject +
was/were + v3+ by + subject এর object
Active: I ate rice.
Passive: Rice was eaten by me.
Active: They played football.
Passive: Football were played by
them.
e) Past
continuous tense যুক্ত active
voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: Object এর subject +
was being/were being + v3+ by + subject এর object.
Active: I was eating rice.
Passive: rice was being eaten by me.
Active: They were catching fishes.
Passive: Fishes were being caught by
them.
f) Past
perfect tense যুক্ত active
voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: Object এর subject +
had been + v3+ by + subject এর object.
Active: I had eaten rice.
Passive: Rice had been eaten by me.
Active: we had dug the cannel.
Passive: The cannel had been dug by
us.
g) Future
indefinite tense যুক্ত active
voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: Object এর subject +
shall be/will be + v3+ by + subject এর object.
Active: I will eat rice.
Passive: Rice will be eaten by me.
Active: They will play football.
Passive: Football will be played by
them.
h) Future
continuous tense যুক্ত active
voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: Object এর subject +
shall be being/will be being + v3+ by + subject এর object.
Active: I will be eating rice.
Passive: Rice will be being eaten by
me.
Active: They will be playing
football.
Passive: Football will be being.
i) Future
perfect tense যুক্ত active
voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: Object এর subject +
shall have been /will have been + v3+ by + subject এর object.
Active: I will have eaten rice.
Passive: Rice will have been eaten by me.
Active: They will have caught the fish.
Passive: The fish will have been caught by them.
Rule 4:
May, might, can, could,
must, ought to, going to active voice কে passive
voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: Object এর subject +
may, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to এর পরে be + v3+ by
+ subject এর object.
Active: I may help you.
Passive: you may be helped by me.
Active: you must do the work.
Passive: The work must be done by
you.
Active: we ought to obey our teachers.
Passive: our teachers ought to be
obeyed by us.
Active: we are going to open a shop.
Passive: A shop is going to be
opened by us.
Rule 5:
Imperative sentence এর active
voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
A) শুধু মাত্র মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু যুক্ত active voice
কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: Let + object
এর subject + be + v3
Active: close the door.
Passive: Let the door be closed.
Active: shut the window.
Passive: Let the window be shut.
B) Do not দিয়ে শুরু যুক্ত যুক্ত active voice
কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: Let not +
object এর subject + be + v3
Active: Do not close the door.
Passive: Let not the door be closed.
Active: Do not shut the window.
Passive: Let not the window be shut.
C) Let এর পর যদি কোন ব্যক্তিবাচক object (me,
us, you, them, him, her)থাকে এবং তা যদি Imperative
sentence হয়, তাহলে active voice
কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: Let + object
এর subject + be + v3 + by + ব্যক্তিবাচক object.
Active: Let me play football.
Passive: Let the football be played
by me.
Active: Let us sing a song.
Passive: let a song be sung by us.
Active: let him give the chance.
Passive: let the chance be given by
him.
D) Never যুক্ত active voice
কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: Let not +
object এর subject + ever be + v3
Active: Never tell a lie.
Passive: Let not a lie ever be told.
Active: Never go there.
Passive: let not there ever be gone.
E) মূল verb এর পর যদি কোন ব্যক্তিবাচক object (me,
us, you, them, him, her) থাকে এবং তা যদি Imperative
sentence হয়, তাহলে active voice
কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: Let + direct
object টি বসবে (মূল verb এর পর যে object টি থাকে + be + v3 + for +ব্যক্তিবাচক object
Active: Buy me a shirt.
Passive: let a shirt be bought for
me.
Active: Give me a glass of water.
Passive: Let a glass of water be
given for me.
Interrogative Sentence:
Rule 6:
A) Interrogative
sentence যুক্ত active voice
কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: Interrogative
sentence কে Assertive sentence এ রুপান্তর করে নিতে হবে + রুপান্তরিত Assertive
sentence এর active voice থেকে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করতে হবে + এবার রুপান্তরিত passive
voice এর auxiliary verb টিকে প্রথমে বসাতে হবে + শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে। **** Tense অনুসারে করতে হবে।
Assertive এর passive:
Rice has been eaten by you.
Passive এ রুপান্তর: Has rice
been eaten by you?
Active: Is he reading a book?
Assertive: He is reading a book.
Assertive এর passive:
A book is being read by him.
Passive এ রুপান্তর: Is a
book being read by him?
Active: Did you play football?
Assertive: you played football.
Assertive এর passive:
Football was played by you.
Passive এ রুপান্তর: Was
football played by you?
B) Who যুক্ত active voice
কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: Who এর পরিবর্তে By whom +
tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + object এর subject + অনেক সময় tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/ being/
been বসাতে হয় + V3+ ?.
Active: Who is playing football?
Passive: BY whom is football being
played?
Active: who will help me?
Passive: By whom will I be helped?
C) Whom যুক্ত active voice কে passive
voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: Whom এর পরিবর্তে who + tense
ও person অনুযায়ী
Auxiliary verb + V3 + by + subject এর object +?
Active: Whom did you see on the
road?
Passive: who was seen by you on the
road?
Active: Whom has he murdered in this
home?
Passive: Who is murdered by him in
this home?
D) What যুক্ত active voice
কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: What + tense
ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + V3 + by + subject এর object +?
Active: What do you want?
Passive: What is wanted by you?
Rule 7:
Subject + verb + object +
present participle যুক্ত active
voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: Object এর subject +
tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + v3 + present participle যুক্ত অংশটি + by +
subject এর object.
Active: I saw him playing cricket.
Passive: He was seen playing cricket
by me.
Active: I took him for my friend.
Passive: He was taken for my friend
by me.
Rule 8:
Double object যুক্ত active
voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: দুইটা object এর যে কোন একটি subject করতে হয় (personal
object কে subject এ রুপান্তর করলে ভাল) + v3 + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary
verb + প্রদত্ত বাকি object টি বসে + by + active voice এর subject টি object রুপে হয়।
Active: I gave him a flower.
Passive: He was given a flower by
me.
Active: He teaches us math.
Passive: we are taught English by
him.
Rule 9:
Complex and compound
sentence যুক্ত active
voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Complex and compound
sentence যুক্ত active
voice এ রূপান্তরের সময় উভয় clause এর voice পরিবর্তন হয়।
Active: I know that he did the work.
Passive: It is known to me that the
work was done by him.
Active: He told me that he had done
the work.
Passive: I was told that the work
had been done by him.
Note: Active
voice “people say” দিয়ে শুরু হলে It is said দিয়ে passive voice করাই ভাল।
Active: people say that the lion is
the king of forest.
Passive: It is said that the lion is
the lion is the king of forest.
Rule 10:
Intransitive verb যুক্ত active
voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-সাধারনত
Intransitive verb এর passive
voice হয় না। তবে
Intransitive verb এর পরে
preposition যুক্ত হয়ে যদি group
verb গঠন করে এবং তা
Intransitive verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয় তাহলে –
Structure: Object টি subject +
tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + v3 + প্রদত্ত preposition
+ by + subject টির object।
Active: The truck run over the boy.
Passive: The boy was run over by the
truck.
Active: they looked at the poor man.
Passive: The poor man was looked at
by them.
Rule 11:
Reflexive object (myself,
ourselves, yourselves, yourself, themselves, himself, herself) যুক্ত active
voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: Active voice
subject টি অপরিবর্তিত অবস্থায় passive voice এর subject হিসেবে হবে + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary
verb + v3 + by + Reflexive object বসবে।
Active: He hanged himself.
Passive: He was hanged by himself.
Active: you killed yourself.
Passive: you were killed by
yourself.
Rule 12:
Factitive
object/Complementary object যুক্ত active
voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Factitive
object/Complementary object( select, elect, nominate, make, call, name ইত্যাদি
transitive verb থাকা সত্ত্বেও সম্পূর্ণ রুপে অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে পারে না। পরিপূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করার জন্য অতিরিক্ত object আনতে হয়। এইরুপ অতিরিক্ত object কে Factitive
object/Complementary object বলে।
Structure: নামবাচক object টির (me, us,
you, them, him, her) object টি subject হয়। + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary
verb + v3 + Factitive object + by + subject এর object।
Active: They made me captain.
Passive: I was made captain by them.
Active: we call him liar.
Passive: He is called liar by us.
Rule 13:
Cognate object যুক্ত active
voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Cognate object এর সংজ্ঞা – কিছু
intransitive verb তাদের সমর্থক object নিয়ে
transitive verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। এ ধরনের object কে Cognate
object বলে।
Structure: Object টি subject +
tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + v3 + by + subject টির object।
Active: he caught a fish.
Passive: A fish was caught by him.
Active: you ran a race.
Passive: A race was run by you.
Rule 14:
Infinitive যুক্ত active
voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: প্রদত্ত active
voice এর subject + মূল verb + infinitive এর পরের object (যদি থাকে) + to be +
infinitive এর পরের verb এর v3.
Active: He wants someone to take
camera.
Passive: He wants camera to be
taken.
Active: He wants you to write a
letter.
Passive: He wants a letter to be
taken.
Rule 15:
Gerund combinations অর্থাৎ advise/
propose/ recommend/ suggest + gerund + object যুক্ত active
voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject + মূল verb + that + gerund এর পরের object টি + should be + প্রদত্ত gerund টি verb এ রূপান্তরিত হয়ে v3 বসে।
Active: He suggested giving up
smoking.
Passive: He suggested that smoking
should be given up.
Active: He wanted playing football.
Passive: He wanted that football
should be played.
Rule 16:
Agree, be anxious, arrange,
determine, be determined, decide, demand, + infinitive + object object যুক্ত active
voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: প্রদত্ত active
voice এর subject + মূল verb + that + infinitive এর পরের + object +
should be + infinitive এর পরের verb এর v3.
Active: He decided to buy the house.
Passive: He decided that the house
should be bought.
Active: you agreed to sell the
house.
Passive: You agreed that the house
should be sold.
Rule 17:
One + should যুক্ত active
voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: Object এর subject +
should be + v3
Active: one should take care of
one’s education.
Passive: Education should be taken
care of.
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